Cockroaches live in a wide range of environments around the world. Pest species of cockroaches adapt readily to a variety of environments, but prefer warm conditions found within buildings. Many tropical species prefer even warmer environments and do not fare well in the average household.
Cockroaches leave chemical trails in their feces as well as emitting airborne pheromones for swarming and mating. Other cockroaches will follow these trails to discover sources of food and water, and also discover where other cockroaches are hiding. Thus, cockroaches can exhibit emergent behavior, in which group or swarm behavior emerges from a simple set of individual interactions.
Research has shown that group-based decision-making is responsible for complex behavior such as resource allocation. In a study where 50 cockroaches were placed in a dish with three shelters with a capacity for 40 insects in each, the insects arranged themselves in two shelters with 25 insects in each, leaving the third shelter empty. When the capacity of the shelters was increased to more than 50 insects per shelter, all of the cockroaches arranged themselves in one shelter. Researchers found a balance between cooperation and competition exists in group decision-making behavior found in cockroaches. The models used in this research can also explain the group dynamics of other insects and animals.
Cockroaches are mainly nocturnal and will run away when exposed to light. A peculiar exception is the Asian cockroach, which is attracted to light. Another study tested the hypothesis that cockroaches use just two pieces of information to decide where to go under those conditions: how dark it is and how many of their friends are there. The study conducted by José Halloy and colleagues at the Free University of Brussels and other European institutions created a set of tiny robots that to the roaches appear to be other roaches and can thus alter the roaches' perception of critical mass. The robots were also specially scented so that they would be accepted by the real roaches.
Additionally, researchers at Tohoku University engaged in a Classical Conditioning experiment with cockroaches and discovered that the insects were able to associate the scent of vanilla and peppermint with a sugar treat.
White Cockroach
Labels: Animal
I signed up for PayPerPost
I heard PayPerPost through one of my friends. It really helps the bloggers to gain some thing through blogging and in turn it builds a nice relationship between the bloggers and the adverstisers circle. The format given by PayPerPost to write the sponsored posts really helps the blogger to improve the writing skills in blogging. I signed up here to earn some money, in turn I am going to use that money to buy some new domains. PayPerPost is one of the blog marketing places, which helps the bloggers to gain from blogging. PayPerPost has really made a impressive change in the blogging field and attracted so many bloggers through it’s loyalty to the bloggers and trueness. I am new to PayPerPost field and I am very eager to learn much more from PayPerPost. I will request my friends to join PayPerPost and to enjoy the offers made by it. PayPerPost has really made a new revolution in the blogging field. It changed the life of many people, by providing the proper money through writing sponsored posts. We are really thankful to that. I love PayPerPost a lot and i hope that here after every thing will change for me. Thank you PayPerPost team.
Labels: General
Tsunami
A tsunami (pronounced /(t)suːˈnɑːmi/) is a series of waves created when a body of water, such as an ocean, is rapidly displaced. Earthquakes, mass movements above or below water, some volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions, landslides, underwater earthquakes, large asteroid impacts and testing with nuclear weapons at sea all have the potential to generate a tsunami. The effects of a tsunami can be devastating due to the immense volumes of water and energy involved. Since meteorites are small, they will not generate a tsunami.
The Greek historian Thucydides was the first to relate tsunamis to submarine quakes, but understanding of the nature of tsunamis remained slim until the 20th century and is the subject of ongoing research.
Many early geological, geographic, oceanographic etc; texts refer to "Seismic sea waves" - these are now referred to as "tsunami."
Some meteorological storm conditions - deep depressions causing cyclones, hurricanes; can generate a storm surge which can be several metres above normal tide levels. This is due to the low atmospheric pressure within the centre of the depression. As these storm surges come ashore the surge can resemble a tsunami, inundating vast areas of land. These are not tsunami. Such a storm surge inundated
Labels: Disasters
Titan Arum
The titan arum or Amorphophallus titanum (from Ancient Greek amorphos, "without form, misshapen" + phallos, "penis", and titan, "giant") is a flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world. The largest single flower is borne by the Rafflesia arnoldii; the largest branched inflorescence in the plant kingdom belongs to the Talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera). The titan arum was originally discovered by an Italian botanist, Odoardo Beccari, in
The titan arum's inflorescence can reach over 3 metres (almost 10 ft.) in height. Like the related cuckoo pint and calla lily, it consists of a fragrant spadix of flowers wrapped by a spathe, which looks like the flower's single petal. In the case of the Titan Arum, the spathe is green on the outside and dark burgundy red on the inside, and deeply furrowed. The spadix is hollow, pale yellow and resembles a large loaf of French bread. The upper, visible portion of the spadix is covered in pollen, while its lower extremity is spangled with bright red-orange carpels. The "fragrance" of the inflorescence resembles rotting meat, attracting carrion-eating beetles and Flesh Flies (family Sarcophagidae) that pollinate it. The flower's deep red color and texture contribute to the illusion that the spathe is a piece of meat. During bloom, the tip of the spadix is approximately human body temperature, which helps the perfume volatilize; this heat is also believed to assist in the illusion that attracts carcass-eating insects.
Kingdom: Plant
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Genus: Amorphophallus
Species: A. titanum
Binomial name
Amorphophallus titanum
Both male and female flowers grow in the same inflorescence. The female flowers open first, then a day or two following, the male flowers open. This prevents the flower from self-pollinating.
After the flower dies back, a single leaf, which reaches the size of a small tree, grows from the underground corm. The leaf grows on a semi-green stalk that branches into three sections at the top, each containing many leaflets. The leaf structure can reach up to 6 m (20 ft) tall and 5 m (16 ft) across. Each year, the old leaf dies and a new one grows in its place. When the corm has stored enough energy, it becomes dormant for about 4 months. Then, the process repeats.
Labels: Nature
Largest tree
Hey friends, now its time to know about the world’s largest tree…Trees growing larger is not a matter at all, but growing his much larger is a noticeable one. The General Sherman tree is the largest tree (by volume) in the world. It can be found in
Each year it adds enough wood to itself to make a tree one foot in diameter and more than 100 feet tall.
More stats:
Estimated Age: 2150 years
Height 274.9ft or 83.8m
Circumference at Ground 102.6ft or 31.1m
Maximum Diameter at Base 36.5ft or 11.1m
Diameter of Largest Branch 6.8ft or 2.1m
Height of First Large Branch above the Base 130.0ft or 39.6m
Average Crown Spread 106.5ft or 32.5m
Labels: Nature
SR 71
The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird entered the U.S. Air Force's inventory in 1966 as the fastest aircraft in the world and still holds that distinction to this day. In 1990 the U.S. Air Force withdrew the SR 71 from operational duties.
In 1995 the USAF brought 2 SR-71's back to service (somebody made in 1990 the wrong decision) and believe it or not: Finaly the new SR71 squadron was operational and one week later Bill Clinton killed the program.
The SR 71 Blackbird has captured several world speed records. In September 1974, crews of the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing (SRW) broke the existing record of four hours, 46 minutes for a trans-Atlantic crossing between
The Lockheed SR 71-A Blackbird is an American made two-seat reconnaissance aircraft.
SR-71 BLACKBIRD PERFORMANCE: Wing span: 16,94 m. Length: 32,74 m. Height: 5,64 m. Max. speed: Mach 3.5+(3500+ km/h,2175+mph.) Empty weight: 60,000 lbs.(27216 kg.) Max. weight: 170,000 lbs.(77111 kg.) Powerplant: two Pratt & Whitney J-58 bleed turbojets Thrust : 32,500 lbs.(14742 kg.) (each)
About SR 71...
Role: Strategic Reconnaissance
Manufacturer: Lockheed Skunk Works
Designed by: Clarence "Kelly" Johnson
First flight: 22 December 1964
Introduced: 1966
Retired: 1998
Primary users: United States Air Force NASA
Number built: 32
Developed from: Lockheed A-12
Labels: Vehicles
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal, is a mausoleum located in
The Taj Mahal (also "the Taj") is considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Turkish, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was cited as "the jewel of Muslim art in
While the white domed marble and tile mausoleum is most familiar, Taj Mahal is an integrated symmetric complex of structures that was completed around 1648. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri is generally considered to be the principal designer of the Taj Mahal.
About its construction…
The Taj Mahal was built on a parcel of land to the south of the walled city of
The plinth and tomb took roughly 12 years to complete. The remaining parts of the complex took an additional 10 years and were completed in order of minarets, mosque and jawab and gateway. Since the complex was built in stages, discrepancies exist in completion dates due to differing opinions on "completion". For example, the mausoleum itself was essentially complete by 1643, but work continued on the rest of the complex. Estimates of the cost of the construction of Taj Mahal vary due to difficulties in estimating construction costs across time. The total cost of construction has been estimated to be about 32 million Rupees at that time which now runs into trillions of Dollars if converted to present currency rates.
The Taj Mahal was constructed using materials from all over
An Artist's impression of the Taj Mahal, from the Smithsonian Institution
A labour force of twenty thousand workers was recruited across northern
Thus a lot of care is taken for building this “Sign of Love”.
More to say about this… But will be too wage…
For more information click on the link…
Labels: Constructions
Titanic
Hi readers, here this is going to be a topic about a world’s famous ship. I think you had guessed what the post is going to be about…. Yes you are correct; it is going to be about Titanic. RMS Titanic was an Olympic-class passenger liner owned by the White Star Line and built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard. On the night of 14 April 1912, during her maiden voyage, Titanic struck an iceberg, and sank two hours and forty minutes later in early 15 April 1912. At the time of her launching in 1912, she was the largest passenger steamship in the world.
The sinking resulted in the deaths of 1,517 people, ranking it as one of the worst peacetime maritime disasters in history and by far the most infamous. The Titanic used some of the most advanced technology available at the time and was popularly believed to be “unsinkable” - indeed, in a 1910 White Star Line brochure advertising the Titanic, it was claimed that she was "designed to be unsinkable". It was a great shock to many that despite the advanced technology and experienced crew, the Titanic still sank with a great loss of life. The media frenzy about Titanic's famous victims, the legends about what happened on board the ship, the resulting changes to maritime law, and the discovery of the wreck in 1985 by a team led by Robert Ballard have made Titanic
The Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner, built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in
About it…
Class and type: Olympic-class ocean liner
Tonnage: 46,328 gross register tons (GRT)
Displacement: 52,310 tons
Length: 882 ft 9 in (269.1 m) Beam: 92 ft 6 in (28.2 m)
Draught: 34 ft 7 in (10.5 m)
Installed power: 24 double-ended (six furnace) and 5 single-ended (three furnace) Scotch boilers. Two four-cylinder reciprocating triple-expansion steam engines each producing 15,000 hp for the two outboard wing propellers at 75 revolutions per minute. One low-pressure turbine producing 16,000 hp. 59,000 hp was produced at maximum revolutions.
Propulsion: Two bronze triple-blade wing propellers. One bronze quadruple-blade centre propeller.
Speed: 21 knots (39 km/h/24 mph)maximum 23 knots
Capacity: 3,547 passengers and crew, fully loaded
Labels: Disasters
Seahorse
Hi friends it will be interesting to know about species living in water… If it is about an unknown species means, then it will be more exciting… Now our topic is going to be about seahorses. They are so named for their equine appearance. Although they are fish, they do not have scales, rather a thin skin stretched over a series of bony plates arranged in rings throughout their body. Each species has a distinct number of rings. Seahorses swim upright, another characteristic that is not shared by their fish relatives who swim horizontally. Seahorses have a coronet on their head, which is distinct to each seahorse, much like a human fingerprint. They swim very poorly by using a dorsal fin, which they rapidly flutter to propel them, and pectoral fins, located behind their eyes, which they use to steer. Because they are poor swimmers, they are most likely to be found resting in sea grasses or coral reefs with their prehensile tails wound around a stationary object. They have long snouts, which they use to suck up food, and eyes that can move independently of each other much like chameleon. Seahorses eat small shrimp, tiny fish and plankton.
About their birth...
The male seahorse can give birth to as few as 5 and as many as 2,000 "fry" at a time and pregnancies last anywhere from two - four weeks, depending on the species. When the fry are ready to be born, the male undergoes muscular contractions to expel them from his pouch. He typically gives birth at night and is ready for the next batch of eggs by morning when his mate returns. Like almost all other fish species, seahorses do not care for their young once they are born. Infants are susceptible to death from predators or being swept into ocean currents, where they drift away from rich feeding grounds or into temperatures too extreme for their delicate bodies. Fewer than five infants of every 1,000 born survive to adulthood, helping to explain why litters are so large. The survival rates of these infants are actually fairly high compared to fish standards, because they are initially sheltered in their father’s pouch during the earliest stages of development, while the eggs of most other fish are abandoned immediately after fertilization.
In danger!
Seahorse populations are thought to have been endangered in recent years by overfishing and habitat destruction. The seahorse is used in traditional Chinese herbology, and as many as 20 million seahorses may be caught each year and sold for this purpose. Medicinal seahorses are not readily bred in captivity as they are susceptible to disease and have somewhat different energetics than aquarium seahorses.
Import and export of seahorses has been controlled under CITES since May 15, 2004. However, Indonesia, Japan, Norway, and South Korea have chosen to opt out of the trade rules set by CITES.
Even though they are killed for medicinal use… All the countries should follow the rules and try to reduce their percentage of killing, also they should take some steps to improve their population by using some artificial methods…
Labels: Animal
Dwarf Willow
Salix herbacea (Dwarf
Leaves and seed capsules
Leaves and seed capsules
It is adapted to survive in harsh Arctic and sub-Arctic environments, and has a wide distribution on both sides of the North Atlantic, in Arctic northwest Asia, northern Europe, Greenland, and eastern Canada, and further south on high mountains, south to the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Rila in Europe, and the northern Appalachian Mountains in New York, United States. It grows in tundra and rocky moorland, usually at over 1,500 m altitude in the south of its range but down to sea level in the
It is one of the smallest woody plants in the world. It typically grows to only 1-6 cm in height and has round, shiny green leaves 1-2 cm long and broad. Like the rest of the willows, Dwarf
Labels: Nature
White Tiger
White Tiger (Panthera tigris) is a tiger with a genetic condition that nearly eliminates pigment in the normally orange fur although they still have dark stripes. This occurs when a tiger inherits two copies of the recessive gene for the paler coloration: pink nose, grey-mottled skin, ice-blue eyes, and white to cream-coloured fur with black, grey, or chocolate-coloured stripes. (Another genetic condition also makes the stripes of the tiger very pale; white tigers of this type are called snow-white.)
White tigers do not constitute a separate subspecies of their own and can breed with orange ones, although all of the resulting offspring will be heterozygous for the recessive white gene, and their fur will be orange. The only exception would be if the orange parent was itself already a heterozygous tiger, which would give each cub a 50% chance of being either double-recessive white or heterozygous orange.
Compared to orange tigers without the white gene, white tigers tend to be larger both at birth and at full adult size. This may have given them an advantage in the wild despite their unusual coloration. Heterozygous orange tigers also tend to be larger than other orange tigers. Kailash Sankhala, the director of the New Delhi Zoo in the 1960s, suggested that "one of the functions of the white gene may have been to keep a size gene in the population, in case it's ever needed."
Dark-striped white individuals are well-documented in the Bengal Tiger subspecies (Panthera tigris tigris or P. t. bengalensis), may also have occurred in captive Siberian Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica), and may have been reported historically in several other subspecies. White pelage is most closely associated with the
The unusual coloration of white tigers has made them popular in zoos and entertainment that showcases exotic animals. The magicians Siegfried & Roy are famous for having bred and trained white tigers for their performances, referring to them as "royal white tigers" perhaps from the white tiger's association with the Maharaja of Rewa.
It is a myth that white tigers did not thrive in the wild, where small groups had bred white for generations.
Labels: Animal